Law

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published on 01 January 1970
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The Lawcode of Gortyn, Crete Hammurabi and Shamash

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Article

Aristotle on the Constitution of Carthage, c. 340 BC

by Jan van der Crabben
published on 14 October 2010
The Carthaginians are also considered to have an excellent form of government, which differs from that of any other state in several respects, though it is in some very like the Spartan. Indeed, all three states---the Spartan, the Cretan, and the Carthaginian---nearly resemble one another, and are very different from any others. Many of the Carthaginian institutions... [continue reading]
Article

Xenophon's Defense of Socrates

by Joshua J. Mark
published on 18 January 2012
Xenophon (430-354 BCE) was an early disciple of Socrates and a contemporary of Plato. He is best known as the mercenary general who wrote The Anabasis, which relates his adventures in leading his men out of Persia and back to Greece after the disastrous campaign of Cyrus the Younger. The Anabasis has long been considered a classic and was used by Alexander... [continue reading]
Article

Hammurabi's Code: Babylonian Law Set in Stone

by writer873
published on 04 October 2011
Hammurabi was the first king of the Babylonian Empire, reigning from 1792 B.C. – 1750 B.C. During his time in power, he conquered Sumer and Akkad, amassing those cultures for his territory. He is probably best known for his enduring code of Babylonian laws, known as Hammurabi’s Code. Though not the only law code around... [continue reading]
Article

The Gifts of Isis: Women's Status in Ancient Egypt

by Joshua J. Mark
published on 18 January 2012
A story on a papyrus dating from the 2nd century CE relates that the goddess Isis, bestowing gifts on humanity, gave as much power and honor to women as she did to men. This tale reflects the high status women enjoyed in ancient Egypt. Although they never had the same rights as males, an Egyptian woman could own property in her own name and hold professions... [continue reading]
Article

Mythology and the Origin of Law in Early Chinese Thought

by Geoffrey MacCormack
published on 02 January 2013
Did the Chinese attribute a secular or a religious origin to law? One influential view has strongly asserted the secular origin. Recently, some scholars have mounted a strong challenge, arguing that this view has overlooked or distorted a vital fragment of evidence that, in their opinion, shows conclusively that law had a religious origin. Before the... [continue reading]
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Timeline

Visual Timeline
  • 2350 BCE
    First code of laws by Urukagina, king of Lagash.
  • c. 2100 BCE
    The Code of Ur-Nammu (the earliest known code of laws) is written.
  • c. 1760 BCE
    The Code of Hammurabi: One of the earliest codes of law in the world.
  • 1258 BCE
    First recorded peace treaty between Ramesses II of Egypt and Muwatalli II of the Hittites, after the battle of Kadesh.
  • c. 624 BCE
    Drakon codifies Athenian law.
  • 450 BCE
    Laws of Twelve Tables, the basis of Roman law.
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