Celt

Timeline

• c. 900 BCE

  Celtic Migration begins in Europe with many Celts landing in Scotland.
• c. 800 BCE - c. 600 BCE

  Early Iron Age Hallstatt culture flourishes across Europe.
• c. 700 BCE

  Iron Age begins in Scotland.
• 600 BCE

  Celts settle Iberia.
• c. 500 BCE - 450 BCE

  Hallstatt kingdoms and chiefdoms suddenly collapse for reasons unclear.
• c. 475 BCE

  Celts defeat the Etruscans at the Ticino River.
• c. 450 BCE

  Rise of the Celtic La Tene culture.
• 400 BCE

  Celts enter Italy and settle in the Po Valley. Etruscan power declines.
• 396 BCE

  Celts defeat the Etruscan army at the battle of Melpum. Afterwards the Celts heavily settle all over the Po Valley.
• 391 BCE

  Senones besiege Clusium, an Etruscan city.
• 387 BCE

  "Gallic Catastrophe:" Duke Brennus of the Celts defeats the Romans at Allia, and subsequently sacks Rome. Celts move off after ransom is paid.
• 380 BCE

  Celtic groups, possibly from northern Italy and the eastern Alps, begin to raid Illyrian territories.
• 367 BCE

  Celtic mercenaries fight with the Spartans against Thebes.
• 367 BCE

  Livy mentions Celtic armies in Ancona and one such group moves against Rome once more.
• 335 BCE

  Alexander the Great receives Celtic ambassadors in the Balkans.
• 334 BCE

  Rome signs a peace treaty with the Senones tribe.
• 323 BCE

  Alexander the Great receives Celtic delegations in Babylon.
• 297 BCE

  Celts and Samnites join forces and defeat the Romans at Camertium.
• c. 295 BCE

  In a battle lasting all day, Romans narrowly defeat a force of Celts and Samnites at Sentinum.
• 285 BCE

  Roman forces heavily defeat the Senones at Lake Vadimo.
• 285 BCE - 282 BCE

  Rome defeats the Celts in Italy. Rome's dominance in central Italy is secured.
• 284 BCE

  Gauls of the Insubres and Boii tribes defeat the Romans at Arretium.
• 283 BCE

  Rome decisively defeats the Senones at Picenum.
• 283 BCE

  Romans defeat the Etruscans and Celts at lake Vadimonis.
• 282 BCE

  A Celtic army with many youth among their ranks is again defeated by Romans.
• 280 BCE

  Celts join with Pyrrhus, aiding in his victory over the Romans at Heraclea.
• 279 BCE

  Celts invade Thrace and Anatolia.
• 279 BCE

  Celts stay with Pyrrhus and fight in the Epirote army at Asculum, a victory over the Romans.
• 277 BCE - 276 BCE

  4,000 Celts are employed in Egypt under Ptolemy II.
• 275 BCE

  Seleucids successfully defeat the Galatian Celts in the 'Elephant Battle'.
• c. 263 BCE

  Antaros and 3000 Celts fight with Carthage in the First Punic War.
• 261 BCE

  Antiochus, king of the Seleucid empire, is killed in battle against the Galatians at Ephesus in Asia Minor.
• c. 260 BCE

  Timaeos is the first to use the term 'Celtiberian' when refering to Celts living in Iberia.
• 259 BCE

  Celts in Egypt fail to overthrow Ptolemy II and are starved to death on an island.
• c. 237 BCE - 241 BCE

  Attalos I of Pergamon defeats the Galatians at the headwaters of the Caioc River.
• 232 BCE

  Attalos I defeats the Galatians a second time.
• 225 BCE

  Two Roman armies surround and defeat a Celtic army at Telamon.
• 225 BCE

  Celts defeat 6000 Romans at Faesulae and proceed to overrun Etruria.
• 222 BCE

  The Celts are defeated at Clastidium by Roman forces.
• 218 BCE

  The Aegosages Celts enter Anatolia under Attalos of Pergamon.
• c. 217 BCE - 218 BCE

  30,000 Celtic infantry and 4,000 Celtic cavalry join Hannibal. Celts constitute just over 50% of his army in Italy.
• 217 BCE

  14,000 Celts serve under Ptolemy IV in his victory at Raphia over the Seleucid King Antiochos III.
• 217 BCE

  Prusias of Bithynia in Asia Minor massacres the Aegosages including the women and children.
• c. 215 BCE - c. 216 BCE

  The Boii crush a Roman army 25,000 strong at Litana. Victory was, in part, achieved by pushing precariously cut trees down atop the horrified Romans as they marched.
• 212 BCE

  The Celtic kingdom of Tylis in Thrace is overthrown by native Thracians. Cavaros is the last ruler of the small kingdom.
• c. 200 BCE

  Iron in the Celtic world experiences a significant boom. Iron manufacturing increase in all facets of life such as weapon construction and agriculture items.
• 200 BCE - 100 BCE

  Oppida (Celtic fortified tribal centers) spread.
• 193 BCE

  The Boii are defeated by the Romans, suffering, according to Livy, 14,000 dead.
• 137 BCE

  4,000 Celtiberians trap a force of 20,000 Romans at Numantia forcing their surrender.
• 133 BCE

  Numantia falls to the Romans who besiege the oppidum. Mass suicide ensues among many of the survivors. Land reforms by Tiberius Gracchus.
• 125 BCE

  Rome intervenes on behalf of Massalia against the Saluvii Celts.
• 106 BCE

  The governor of the Roman province of Macedonia, M. Minucius Rufus, celebrates his victory over a raid of the Dacians allied with the Celtic tribe of the Scordiscii in the Balkans.
• 64 BCE

  Galatia becomes a client state of Rome.
• c. 60 BCE

  Boii in eastern Europe crushed by the Dacians.
• 58 BCE

  Caesar attacks the Helvetii while on migration and defeats them.
• 57 BCE

  A Roman army under Caesar narrowly defeats an army of Nervii, Atrebates, and Viromandui.
• 56 BCE

  The navies of Rome and the Veneti Gauls clash resulting in a Roman victory. This is the first recorded naval battle in the Atlantic Ocean.
• 54 BCE - 53 BCE

  Ambiorix of the Eburones tribe destroys around 9,000 Roman soldiers at Atuatuca.
• 52 BCE

  Caesar defeated at Gergovia by Vercingetorix.
• 52 BCE

  After becoming trapped and besieged at Alesia Vercingetorix surrenders to Caesar.
• 51 BCE

  Caesar's capture of Uxellodunum ends the Gallic War.
• c. 51 BCE - c. 30 BCE

  300 Celts serve as elite bodyguards for Cleopatra VII during her reign.
• 46 BCE

  The Bellovaci unsuccessfully rise against Roman rule in Belgica.
• 44 BCE

  The Allobroges unsuccessfully rise against Roman rule in southern Gaul.
• 33 BCE

  The Belgic Morini and the Celts of Aquitania unsuccessfully rise against Roman rule.
• 4 BCE

  At the funeral of Herod II, his Celtic bodyguards are in attendance.